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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to heat (oven) 2 (fire) steel 3 to bakeface="Times New Roman Star"1 топить печь 2 огниво 3 печь













face="Times New Roman Star"xot- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xatat 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr- 3








face="Times New Roman Star"Ашм. XVI, 256, ЭСТЯ 5, 335 (connected with *kat- 'dry', but in fact a different root because of the Chuvash form). However, if Mari oltas? 'heat' is from Bulg., the original form could be *Kal-t- and should be removed from the etymology (cf. Федотов 2, 372).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jEn|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"frazilface="Times New Roman Star"шуга, наледь









face="Times New Roman Star"nen|
face="Times New Roman Star"n/en| (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"c?en|










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 197 (if not < unattested South.-Sam.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiben-teface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shoulder yokeface="Times New Roman Star"коромысло


face="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte|









face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|vende




face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jen|teface="Times New Roman Star"ku"jenface="Times New Roman Star"ko"je|nte|





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306 (the word should be distinguished from *Ku"b- 'to pound' q. v. sub *gi_ube).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"kin, tribeface="Times New Roman Star"род, племяface="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq 'kin, tribe'face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq (MK) 'share of inheritance'









face="Times New Roman Star"uq
face="Times New Roman Star"jъw|x

face="Times New Roman Star"uq

face="Times New Roman Star"u>q (dial.)







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, ЭСТЯ 1, 582-583, Егоров 76. The OT words are sometimes erroneously united with *ok 'arrow' (thus in EDT 76).
face="Times New Roman Star"*yn|yra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to neigh 2 to bellow, purrface="Times New Roman Star"1 ржать 2 реветь, визжать, мурлыкать
face="Times New Roman Star"yn|ra- (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"yn|ra-



face="Times New Roman Star"@n@r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yran- 1





face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yran- 1





face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 658, Егоров 65, Мудрак 73.
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shame, be ashamed, frighten awayface="Times New Roman Star"стыд, стыдиться, отпугивать
face="Times New Roman Star"ir-, iril- (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-face="Times New Roman Star"ir@k- 'to languish, be bored'


face="Times New Roman Star"j@r@n-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r- 'to rave, become crazy'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192, VEWT 173, (incorrect in) Егоров 80.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ku":se-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to wish, want, willface="Times New Roman Star"желать, хотеть
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se- (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se|-face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se- (AH, Qutb.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kuse|-

face="Times New Roman Star"ku":se-






face="Times New Roman Star"ku"'ze-
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"so"-
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se-face="Times New Roman Star"ku"he|-


face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 311-312, ЭСТЯ 5, 135. Tuva forms reflect a short *-u">-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kadyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hard, strong, cruelface="Times New Roman Star"крепкий, сильный, жестокийface="Times New Roman Star"qadyr (Orkh., OUygh.)








face="Times New Roman Star"xazyrface="Times New Roman Star"qazyrface="Times New Roman Star"qajyr

face="Times New Roman Star"xata:ryj- 'вымещать мстительность, неприязнь, злопамятствовать'
face="Times New Roman Star"Todzh. xadyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'contradiction, objection'

face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'angry'




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, TMN 3, 378-379, ЭСТЯ 5, 216.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ke:k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"anger, maliceface="Times New Roman Star"гнев, злобаface="Times New Roman Star"kek (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kek (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kik
face="Times New Roman Star"kek


face="Times New Roman Star"ka":je- 'to hate'



face="Times New Roman Star"kagъr 'chaos, hell', kagъrza vyrt- 'to die (out)', vyz/ъ kagъrъl 'starve'face="Times New Roman Star"kegedi 'spiteful'


face="Times New Roman Star"kekface="Times New Roman Star"kek




face="Times New Roman Star"kek

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 707, VEWT 247-248, ЭСТЯ 5, 24-25.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:mface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"waveface="Times New Roman Star"волна
face="Times New Roman Star"qom (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Houts., AH)



face="Times New Roman Star"Go:m

face="Times New Roman Star"qom
face="Times New Roman Star"xom













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 625, ЭСТЯ 6, 54, Федотов 2, 356-357.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Komtaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"boxface="Times New Roman Star"ящик


face="Times New Roman Star"qumta





face="Times New Roman Star"xomdy
face="Times New Roman Star"qomda



face="Times New Roman Star"x|omdu



face="Times New Roman Star"qumta





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 279, ЭСТЯ 6, 6. Relation to Mong. qobdu is hardly possible.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kamyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"scoop, ladleface="Times New Roman Star"черпакface="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"qemic?


face="Times New Roman Star"xamys


face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) xumz?|a (< *kamc?a(h))face="Times New Roman Star"xamyas, xomuosface="Times New Roman Star"komuosface="Times New Roman Star"xymys?










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 626, VEWT 229, ЭСТЯ 5, 248-249, Stachowski 152.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Korumface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rock, cliff, heap of stonesface="Times New Roman Star"скала, куча камней
face="Times New Roman Star"qorum (MK, KB)



face="Times New Roman Star"qoram


face="Times New Roman Star"xorymface="Times New Roman Star"qorumface="Times New Roman Star"qorum



face="Times New Roman Star"xorum
face="Times New Roman Star"qorum








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 660, VEWT 283, Лексика 99.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kuba / *Kobaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pale yellow, pale greyface="Times New Roman Star"желтоватый, сероватый
face="Times New Roman Star"quba (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"quwa, qyw (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"quw
face="Times New Roman Star"qo

face="Times New Roman Star"xu:
face="Times New Roman Star"qo:, qu:



face="Times New Roman Star"xuwa
face="Times New Roman Star"qu:face="Times New Roman Star"quwface="Times New Roman Star"quw



face="Times New Roman Star"quw
face="Times New Roman Star"quwface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 295, EDT 581, ЭСТЯ 6, 94-96, 98-99. Turk. > Mong. quba, quwa (KW 191, Щербак 1997, 142; Mong. quba, however, also means 'amber' and may be borrowed also from Chin. hu-p`o, see L 976, Rozycki 111) > Man. quwa.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)agylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rodface="Times New Roman Star"прутface="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (MK, KB) 'fresh willow shoots'







face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l







face="Times New Roman Star"ko:la- 'буйно расти (о раст.) в ущерб плоду, семени'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 220, EDT 610.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kym-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to wish, intend 2 to persuadeface="Times New Roman Star"1 желать, намереваться 2 убеждать


face="Times New Roman Star"qymyn- (Sib.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qymsa-n- 1






face="Times New Roman Star"qym- 2, qymzyn- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@mlen- 'вдохновляться, воодушевляться'face="Times New Roman Star"kyma:rda:-, kuma:rda:- 'заботиться, беспокоиться', kumsugur- 'завидовать'






face="Times New Roman Star"qymtym 'желание'




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kokface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dust, ashesface="Times New Roman Star"пыль, пепелface="Times New Roman Star"qog| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qog| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qog| (AH, Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"xox
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq

face="Times New Roman Star"xog|oso
face="Times New Roman Star"xoq
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq


face="Times New Roman Star"qoq


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 609, VEWT 275, 276, Лексика 368. Turk. > Mong. qog|, Kalm. xog 'dregs, dirt' (KW 181, Щербак 1997, 165).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kerke-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of bird (кедровка) 2 black-cockface="Times New Roman Star"1 кедровка 2 тетерев, глухарь









face="Times New Roman Star"kergen 1face="Times New Roman Star"kergen 1

face="Times New Roman Star"karъk 2







face="Times New Roman Star"gerge 'жаворонок, skylark'





face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be shy, afraid, sullen 2 to be jealous 3 jealousyface="Times New Roman Star"1 робеть, пугаться, расстраиваться 2 ревновать 3 ревность










face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"n 3face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ler-, Tel. ku"lu"nes?- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le-, ku"les?- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xo"l-ze- 1










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 289. Егоров 122-123 confuses the root with *gu"ni (q. v. sub *kune); so does Федотов 1, 321.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:mface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"camel's pack-saddleface="Times New Roman Star"верблюжье вьючное седло
face="Times New Roman Star"qom (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qom (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qu.m


face="Times New Roman Star"Go:m

face="Times New Roman Star"qom



face="Times New Roman Star"qomface="Times New Roman Star"xomface="Times New Roman Star"qomface="Times New Roman Star"qom
face="Times New Roman Star"qum


face="Times New Roman Star"qom

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 278, Лексика 541, ЭСТЯ 6, 55, Clark 1977, 149. Turk. > WMong. qom (KW 184, Щербак 1997, 139), whence Evk. ko:m, Man. qomo (see ТМС 1, 408, Doerfer MT 61).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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